A variety of different kinds of irrigation system exist. Some are simple and others require a great deal of maintenance and equipment.

The system consists of pumping stations, ditches, gates and canals in order to raise and distribute water equally across the fields. This is the most expensive type of irrigation system.

Surface Irrigation

Surface irrigation is one of the most common systems of water supply. It requires minimal capital investment and no knowledge of the latest technology and can be used even in fields that slope. It is the most energy efficient method of irrigating sloped fields, as it relies on gravity to move water. However, the system could be difficult to control and may lead to the fields being covered in excess water for long periods.

Three kinds of surface irrigation can be distinguished: basin irrigation border irrigation, furrow and basin irrigation. The most popular kind of surface irrigation is basin irrigation, which is comprised of flat, diked areas that permit uncontrolled surface water flow. They can be built in any size and shape to accommodate different soil types and designs. They can also be modified using corrugated surfaces, or trenches filled with sand to enhance soil quality and distribute water.

Another benefit for these systems is the easy maintenance. The lateral pipes in the furrow or basin system can be easily inspected and cleaned. They can also be flushed to prevent them from being plugged by salts or other sediment. This is an benefit over drip irrigation, where the lateral tubes must be dug underground. Therefore, they are more difficult to maintain and examine.

Drip Irrigation

The drip irrigation system that drips low-pressure water directly on plants. The water is then delivered directly to the root of the plants, making it an extremely efficient method of watering. It’s also a wonderful solution for sandy soils since it spreads the water over a larger area than surface irrigation techniques. Landscape plantings for residential gardens and row crop production for commercial purposes could be benefited by drip irrigation.

The system consists of a pump that draws water from a source, and then releases it at the right pressure to a pipeline which transports the water to the field. (See Figure below). In certain situations the need for a settling pond may be necessary. The pump must be designed to prevent excessively pumping and/or damaging the soil and plants around it. Filters are used to remove weed seeds as well as fertilizer residues and chemical that are dissolved in water, which might precipitate. (For instance, calcium and iron). Chemical injection units that injects a precise quantity of herbicide, insecticide and fungicide in irrigation water during each cycle of irrigation is also included.

PVC pipes are utilized to deliver water from reservoirs to the fields. The pipes can vary in diameter and wall thickness. Certain PVC pipes can bend easily and are flexible while others are smooth bores and a rigid bore. The emitters (nozzles) are positioned along the length of the pipe and are selected depending on the needs of the crop and the soil conditions. Some emitters have a pressure compensation, allowing they to run in a consistent manner over a wide range of pressures and sizes.

Sprinkler Irrigation

Sprinkler irrigation mimics natural rainfall by spraying water droplets uniformly over the soil. This type of irrigation is suitable well for a wide range of crops including fruit and vegetables. bec tuoi phun mua This type of irrigation offers a lush, green landscape which is nearly hands-free.

Similar to other methods of irrigation, sprinkler systems have advantages and disadvantages, based on the field’s terrain. Some systems work only in specific areas and others can be costly.

A center pivot irrigation system is among of the most frequently utilized systems. The system consists of a number of towers which rotate and move around within a circle to water the crops. A central control unit controls the rotation and movement of every tower. Operators are able to use a cell telephone or satellite radio to talk with the device and remotely monitor its operation.

Linear-move, travelling big gun and side roll systems function like the center pivot system, but are specifically designed to water rectangular fields. These systems are more labor demanding during the season, however they are less expensive in the long run.

The solid-set system was designed to provide permanent plants, turf and landscape. They’re low-cost and offer a uniform covering that encourages balanced growth as well as high yields. They can be combined with fertilizers to apply water and nutrients (a practice called fertigation) to boost the absorption of nutrients.

Irrigation Methods

Irrigation is the art of pouring water on soil to maintain a consistent amount of water. This is accomplished through different methods like spraying or tubes and pumps. Irrigation is required in areas that do not have enough rainfall to sustain plant life by themselves.

In their search for food and agricultural production, the early civilizations constructed dams, canals and intricate irrigation systems. Nowadays, we rely on technology to offer the same benefits with far less energy.

Surface irrigation can be classified into three subcategories which are border, furrow and basin. This involves an enclosed field with levees that prevent water from escaping. This method is best for rice and other crops that can tolerate flooding.

A variation of conventional flood irrigation is the surge flooding. This method uses gated pipe that is powered by batteries or solar controllers. The valves alternate between allowing water to flow into the field and shutting it off, thus creating pulses of irrigation that minimize runoff.

The system is able to be used to grow a variety of crops. This system works well in the sloped terrain. It is crucial that the flow rate be high enough to move the water in a forward direction, yet not too massive that it would strip the soil of its fertileness. The inflow rate should not create the condition known as waterlogging where the soil becomes saturated.